多尺度视角下的印度地缘环境解析及对中国的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

葛岳静  计晶韵  黄宇 《世界地理研究》2021,30(2):223-233

在中国和印度共同崛起的背景下,随着中国“向西开放”和“一带一路”倡议的推进,中国与印度的地缘竞争日益激烈。加强对印度地缘环境解构有助于中国更好地识别地缘风险和制定有效的地缘策略。本文从地理环境、国家的地缘政治想象、地缘关系环境三个方面,从全球、区域和国家内部三个尺度来解构印度的地缘环境,并论证了印度如何在其地缘环境的基础上制定并实施本国的地缘战略：（1）在全球尺度上,凭借印度洋的地缘优势,印度建构了以印度洋为基础的全球地缘战略,追求“有声有色”的大国地位;（2）在区域尺度上,印度凭借地理结构、体量、权力和影响力的优势,构建了邻国优先和防止域外大国干涉的区域战略,谋求南亚领导地位;（3）在国家内部尺度上,印度的国家实力被内部的多样性（包括种姓制度、宗教矛盾、地方主义、党派斗争等）所肢解,如何加强统一的国家认同是印度面临的极大挑战。根据印度地缘环境的特点和中印的权力对比情况,从中国国家利益的角度出发,在南亚和印度洋地区,中国作为权力弱势方,应该加强与印度的利益共同体建构、加强区域内合作、区域互联互通和一体化建设、增强区域内的话语权和合法性;在中印边境区,中国作为权力的强势方,应该加强边境管理、防止域外势力干涉。  相似文献   

江苏省县域乡村集聚与脆弱性评价     

魏璐瑶  陆玉麒 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(2):218-230

基于脆弱性视角探究乡村地域系统可持续发展情况与集聚特征的空间关联效应,对推进美丽乡村建设具有重要意义。以SPOT2/4全色和Landsat TM卫星遥感融合影像为主要数据源,解译校正得到2016年江苏省乡村聚落斑块。在利用平均最近邻距离指数、核密度估计和标准差椭圆方法明确江苏省乡村集聚分布特征的同时,从资源、经济和社会脆弱性视角构建乡村脆弱性综合评价模型,进一步探讨县域乡村空间集聚特征与脆弱性发展程度的关联规律。结果表明：① 江苏省乡村地域自内核向外缘分布密度逐渐递减,苏北地区中部、苏南和苏中地区毗邻处乡村聚落密集分布,整体空间异质性和集聚形态的方向性特征明显;② 江苏省县域乡村脆弱程度存在地域分区不均衡现象,子系统相关性较弱,空间耦合特征尚不明显;③ 资源脆弱性子系统与经济、社会脆弱性之间均存在显著负相关关系,是当前江苏省县域乡村发展的薄弱环节;④ 江苏省县域乡村资源、经济和社会单一脆弱子系统集聚分布特征明显,综合脆弱性与集聚特征并未实现空间良性共振。  相似文献   

天然气水合物开采储层出砂研究进展与思考     

宁伏龙  方翔宇  李彦龙  窦晓峰  王林杰  刘志超  罗强  孙嘉鑫  赵颖杰  张准  刘天乐  张凌  蒋国盛 《地质科技通报》2020,39(1):137-148

天然气水合物开采井眼出砂问题是当前水合物产业化急需突破的瓶颈之一,解决水合物开采时防砂与产能平衡问题是实现水合物安全高效、长期可控开采的关键.我国海域典型水合物储层属于弱固结的低渗泥质粉砂储层,其面临的防砂控泥与增产矛盾较为突出.厘清不同水合物储层和开采条件下的井眼出砂规律并揭示其机理,进而制定科学合理的防砂控泥措施以实现产能最大化是解决上述矛盾的途径所在.从理论分析、数值模拟、室内实验和现场试采4个角度介绍了世界范围内已开展的水合物出砂防砂情况,分析总结了水合物储层出砂影响因素及出砂机理,最后探讨了目前出砂研究存在的问题和挑战,并给出了相应的建议,旨在为后续水合物开采井眼出砂预测和防控研究提供思路和参考.  相似文献   

Latitudinal variation of measured O3 photolysis frequencies J(O1D) and primary OH production rates over the Atlantic Ocean between 50° N and 30° S     

A. Hofzumahaus  T. Brauers  U. Platt  J. Callies 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,15(3-4):283-298

The latitudinal variation of the photolysis frequency of ozone to O(¹D) atoms, J(O¹D), was measured using a filter radiometer during the cruise ANT VII/1 of the research vessel Polarstern in September/October 1988. The J(O¹D) noon values exhibited a maximum of 3.6×10^-5 s^-1 (2 sr) at the equator and decreased strongly towards higher latitudes. J(O¹D) reached highest values for clean marine background air with low aerosol load and almost cloudless sky. The J(O¹D) data, measured under these conditions and a temperature of 295 K, can be expressed by: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOsaiaacI% cacaqGpbWaaWbaaSqabeaaiiaacqWF8baFaaGccaqGebGaaeykaiaa% bccacqWF9aqpcaqGGaGaaeyzaiaabIhacaqGWbGaaeiiaiaabUhacq% GHsislcaaI4aGaaiOlaiaaicdacaaIYaGaeyOeI0IaaGioaiaac6ca% caaI4aGaaiiEaiaaigdacaaIWaWaaWbaaSqabeaacqGHsislcaaIZa% aaaOGaaeiiaiaabIhacaqGGaGaam4uaiabgUcaRiaaiodacaGGUaGa% aGinaiaacIhacaaIXaGaaGimamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGOnaa% aakiaadofadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccaGG9bGaaeikaiaaboha% daahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccaGGPaaaaa!5EE9!\[J({\text{O}}^| {\text{D) }} = {\text{ exp \{ }} - 8.02 - 8.8x10^{ - 3} {\text{ x }}S + 3.4x10^{ - 6} S^2 \} {\text{(s}}^{ - 1} )\] where S represents the product of the overhead ozone column (DU) and the secant of the solar zenith angle. The meridional profile of the primary OH radical production rate P(OH) was calculated from the J(O¹D) measurements and simultaneously recorded O₃ and H₂O mixing ratios. While the latitudinal distribution of J(O¹D) and water vapour was nearly symmetric to the equator, high tropospheric ozone levels up to 40 ppb were observed in the Southern Hemisphere, SH, resulting in higher P(OH) in the SH.  相似文献   

Natural recolonization of a productive tropical pond: Day to day variations in the photosynthetic parameters     

Robert Arfi  Daniel Guiral  Jean-Pascal Torreton 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1991,53(1):39-54

Chlorophyll pigments (CHL), primary productivity (PP) and particulate nitrogen (N_p) in relation to several environmental factors were monitored during planktonic colonization of an aquaculture pond (Layo, Côte d'Ivoire). How interactions between the organisms are established in an initially azoic environment were investigated. From March, 15 (D1) to March, 31 (D16), the system transformation went through three stages. First, a precolonization by heterotrophic microbial community from D1 to D2 (N_p < 1 m maximum at D2: 243 mg m^–2; CHL around 0). Then, a pioneer microalgal community developped from D3 to D7 (maximum CHL on D6: 19 mg m^–2; PP: 1.0 g C m^–2 d^–1) with a significant contribution of picoplankton (CHL and PP < 3 m: 33 and 23% of the total, respectively). Finally, a second microalgal colonization was noticed from D9 to D12 (maximum CHL: 55 mg m^–2, PP: 2.8 g C m^–2 d^–1), largely dominated by nanoplankton (CHL and PP > 3 m: 95 and 99% of the total, respectively). Overall, photosynthetic activity appeared to be closely linked to algal biomass. The study of autotrophic biomass and activity in different size classes in relation to the other parameters allowed us to precise the origin of the biomass fluctuations. The first bloom appeared to be controlled by selective grazing on small algae. The second algal development ended when N requirement represented at least 69% of N supply (in the N — NH₄ form). This control was enhanced by the appearance of rotifers, leading to a more complex equilibrium.  相似文献   

1980²000北京市农业土地生产性的变动分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王鹏飞  鲁奇  傅桦  李娟 《地理研究》2006,25(4):719-729

根据1980、1990、2000年的统计资料和实地走访观察,本文分析了北京市乡镇一级的粮食作物、蔬菜作物和果品作物的分布格局及农业土地生产性近20年的变化。研究认为:1980年北京农业生产分布格局与土地生产性为比较典型的杜能模式;随着农业经营的多样化,1990年和2000年北京农业土地生产性呈现出多样的分布格局;北京粮食作物、蔬菜作物、果品作物的分布格局及农业土地生产性近20年的变化与此阶段的农业生产政策、农业以外的社会经济活动变化有较强的关联性;对北京以上问题的研究为验证杜能、辛克利亚、布莱昂特城市周边农业地域研究经典理论的演变提供了实证案例。  相似文献   

陕西关中地区城镇等级规模结构分形研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

夏维力  李博 《地域研究与开发》2006,25(4):58-61

文章从分形理论在城镇体系研究中的应用入手，根据豪斯道夫（Hausdorff）维数，运用Zipf公式，对陕西省关中地区的城镇等级规模结构进行了分维测算。结果表明，该区域城镇体系具有分形特征，说明分形理论适合关中地区城镇等级规模结构的测算分析。并在分形研究的基础上分析了该区城镇规模结构的分布特点及其存在的问题。最后基于分形理论的测算与分析结果，提出了关中地区城镇体系结构和功能优化的建议。  相似文献   

北京城区广场分布、辐射及其文化生产空间差异浅析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周尚意  吴莉萍  张庆业 《地域研究与开发》2006,25(6):19-23,32

广场是城市文化活动的重要载体，是城市中重要的文化生产空间。文章首先选择北京城区广场作为研究对象，首先调查了三级广场的分布状况，结合人口分布对广场分布进行了评价；其次调查了北京城区一个典型剖面上的4个广场，用格林方法确定了4个广场之间的空间分割点，并依据对广场活动者的调查，确定了每个广场的空间辐射范围的平面形态，从而确定了这4个广场文化生产空间的大致范围；第三，调查了广场的文化活动类型，并将活动类型的差异与城市文化空间的圈层进行了比较，从而解释了广场文化产生差异的原因。结论是，城市广场的建设属于城市实体空间建设的一种形式，它是人们自觉的、理性的行动，本着公平的原则建设广场，将使城市各个地方的居民具有依托广场开展文化活动的可能，并借助广场创造城市新的多元的文化。  相似文献   

Timing effects on the fragmentation of small scale blocks of granodiorite     

P. D. Katsabanis  A. Tawadrous  C. Braun  C. Kennedy 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2006,10(1):83-93

A series of small scale tests, simulating multi-hole blasts have been performed to establish the effect of delays on blast fragmentation. The blasts were performed in high quality granodiorite blocks, which were cut from stone prepared by dimensional stone quarry operations. The pattern used was equilateral triangular, with a distance of 10.2 cm between boreholes, which had a diameter of 11 mm, were loaded with detonating cord and the coupling medium was water. The delays used were achieved using different lengths of detonating cord for the cases of delays between 0 and 100 μs between holes and a sequential blasting machine firing seismic detonators for larger delays up to 4 ms. All fragments were collected and screened. The experiments showed that the worst fragmentation was achieved with simultaneous initiation of all charges. Fragmentation improved with the delay time between holes up to 1 ms between holes. If the experiments are scaled up, the results show that in granodiorite, fragmentation optimization requires delays of few milliseconds per metre of burden. The findings, agree with previously published work, involving larger scale experiments and other rock types.  相似文献   

The distribution of radiogenic heat production as a function of depth in the Sierra Nevada Batholith, California   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Robert J. Brady  Mihai N. Ducea  Steven B. Kidder  Jason B. Saleeby 《Lithos》2006,86(3-4):229-244

Geochemical analyses and geobarometric determinations have been combined to create a depth vs. radiogenic heat production database for the Sierra Nevada batholith, California. This database shows that mean heat production values first increase, then decrease, with increasing depth. Heat production is 2 μW/m³ within the 3-km-thick volcanic pile at the top of the batholith, below which it increases to an average value of 3.5 μW/m³ at 5.5 km depth, then decreases to 0.5–1 μW/m³ at 15 km depth and remains at these values through the entire crust below 15 km. Below the crust, from depths of 40–125 km, the batholith's root and mantle wedge that coevolved beneath the batholith appears to have an average radiogenic heat production rate of 0.14 μW/m³. This is higher than the rates from most published xenolith studies, but reasonable given the presence of crustal components in the arc root assemblages. The pattern of radiogenic heat production interpreted from the depth vs. heat production database is not consistent with the downward-decreasing exponential distribution predicted from modeling of surface heat flow data. The interpreted distribution predicts a reasonable range of geothermal gradients and shows that essentially all of the present day surface heat flow from the Sierra Nevada could be generated within the 35 km thick crust. This requires a very low heat flux from the mantle, which is consistent with a model of cessation of Sierran magmatism during Laramide flat-slab subduction, followed by conductive cooling of the upper mantle for 70 m.y. The heat production variation with depth is principally due to large variations in uranium and thorium concentration; potassium is less variable in concentration within the Sierran crust, and produces relatively little of the heat in high heat production rocks. Because silica content is relatively constant through the upper 30 km of the Sierran batholith, while U, Th, and K concentrations are highly variable, radiogenic heat production does not vary directly with silica content.  相似文献